Old Man and The Sea :: essays papers

Old Man and The Sea In the novel The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway uses the literary device of metaphors. Hemingway uses the metaphor of the ocean to symbolize life and to depict the role that individuals play in life. Hemingway uses the metaphor of the lions to signify people who live their lives as active participants. The tourists in the novel represent the individuals, who in observe their lives and are not active participants. In the novels that Ernest Hemingway writes, he uses metaphors to reflect his life experiences and opinions. The ocean in The Old Man and the Sea is a metaphor, which represents Hemingway's personel view of life. Hemingway believes that in life everyone must find their own niche and uses the metaphor of the ocean and the boats on it to demonstrate this. ...most of the boats were silent except for the dip of the oars. They spread apart after they were out of the mouth of the harbour and each one headed for the part of the ocean where he hoped to find fish. The old man knew he was going far out...1(page 22) Hemingway feels that in life there are people who participate in life and people who observe life as it passes just like on the ocean where there are boats that do not test their boundaries. The boats are the people in life, and most of the boats are silent. They paddle within the areas they know to be safe and always are cautious not to upset the life that they have established for themselves. Hemingway is explaining that most people don't raise a commotion, they just allow life to happen to them. The old man is testing his limits, he is challenging the ocean, and rowing where he wants to go not where the ocean wants to take him. Hemingway believes that in life, the farther person stays from the observers, the more free and exhilarated they will be. If there is a hurricane, you always see the signs of it in the sky for days ahead, if you are at sea. They do not see it ashore because they do not know what to look for, he thought. The land must make a difference too, in the shape of the clouds. But we have no hurricane coming now.2(page 51) Hemingway theorizes that in life there are going to be unexpected collisions. Just as the sea creates storms life creates storms. Those who live life to the fullest will be the least affected by these storms because they have the strength and the knowledge to handle them, but the observers or those on land will be destroyed because they do not have the power to handle the destruction that the storms will cause.

Marketing Introduction and Limatations Essay

Introduction In my assignment I will be writing about Two large business agency, Marks and Spencer’s, and British Heart foundation where I will explain about the different marketing techniques and strategies they use to undertake to promote their products and services. How they Brand their company and about relationship marketing. Marks& Spencer’s Marks and Spencer are a big franchise employing up to 78,000 employees worldwide but mostly in the UK. Marks and Spencer’s are one of UK’s leading retailers with annual sales of  £8 billion. They operate more than 450 stores in 30 countries, and serve tens of millions of customers every week. Marks and Spencer’s are only as strong as the communities in which they trade. They aim to please their customers and market in an easy and understandable manner. Marks and Spencer’s promote over thousands of products, from food to clothing, each product marketed in a different fashion. Marks and Spencer’s have used many strategies to survive the recession. Them being Growth, Branding, Survival and Relationship marketing. Survival Strategies They started by cutting jobs and closing stores. In January 2009 Marks & Spencer’s were planning to close 25 small simply food stores one being Croydon Valley retail store. They cut 780 jobs and 450 head office jobs. Sales plummeted in the 13 weeks leading up to December 27 2008, they fell by 7.1 %.Total sales fell 3.4 % in the UK. Other strategies they used to regain money were Pension cuts, Even though Marks and Spencer’s overall sales fell by 1.2% there was an international sales increase and online retail increase. The retailer made pension cuts to save the company  £175m –  £200million per annum. Chairman of Marks and Spencer’s Vandavelde (2009) gave a key speech on the recovery plan. â€Å"The previous plan was like feeding a tree that was already overgrown and unhealthy. What it really needed was serious pruning back. It had unproductive limbs that were hampering its growth and a lot of its best characteristics were lost in the foliage.† This is regarding the cuts that were being made. A strategy used by M&S is SWOT. SWOT is a method for analysing a business, its resources, and its environment. Marks and Spencer’s used the SWOT method for their food products. SWOT helped them discover: What the business does better than the competition. What competitors do better than the business? Whether the business is making the most of the opportunities available. How a business should respond to changes in its external environment. By using this method and braking down each sector they were able to research if there products would sell, and their competitors such as big organisations like Tesco would affect their up sales. Another strategy which Marks and Spencer’s use is known all the Boston Matrix. The main value for them using this is because it’s a useful tool for analysing product portfolio decisions. Constraints on survival strategies are the financial situation, resources and material. Cash flow is a common constraint to the sales systems. The financial constraint is usually internal. A resource constraint is also an internal limitation. Machinery, power and skills are some resources with constraints. Moving too slowly to get products to where they need to be is a internal constraint. Material is also a constrain due to where we are buying it from, are we paying for quality and receiving a product of quality or are we not spending enough to make sure our products are efficiently made? This is a external constraint. Relationship Marketing Relationship marketing has continued to evolve and move forward as technology opens more communication channels. This includes tools for managing relationships with customers which goes beyond simple customer services. They identify six markets which are connected to relationship marketing. They are: internal markets, supplier markets, recruitment markets, referral markets, influence markets, and customer markets. Relationship marketing is designed to develop strong connections with customers by providing them with information directly suited to their needs and interests and by promoting open communication. This approach is there for results in increased word of mouth activity. Marks and Spencer have created customer loyalty by launching different campaigns promoting different products which connect with each customer. They’ve launched fashion campaigns, food campaigns and an online clothes shop. Marks and Spencer’s have now become partners with Tesco for Fair Trade campaigns; they now have a range of electrical appliances on sale to comply with what their customers want. Marks and Spencer’s customers want to be able to rely on them to succeed and meet their needs as individual customers rather than a group. While Marks and Spencer’s have created a relationship with their buyers and are constantly researching too find out what their customers want more or less of, there are also constraints and limitations with doing so. A market constraint is external. Marks and Spencer’s competitors are always changing strategies and competing in new and better ways to try and come out on top. A question which is asked within big businesses such as M&S is, is the market demand for our products decreasing? This is an external constraint, if there’s no longer a demand for the product then their profit margin decreases. A decrease in sales = decreased profit. Benchmarking is a strategy that is used by M&S for marketing this involves looking outside the box to examine how other organisations are achieving their performance levels and to understand the processes they are using to be successful. In this way benchmarking helps explain the processes behind excellent performances. Although this strategy helps M&S stay ahead it can also bring them down as changing your outlook and ideas can be a constraint, Managing change is a common constraint. Markets are dynamic and always changing. Organisations work to stay ahead of markets and their leading competitiors. Knowledge could be an internal constraint to success, this could become critical if survival is at stake. Growth Strategies Marks and Spencer uses the Mckinsey Growth Matrix, to expand and grow their business. Instead of trying to find out how other business have grown, the Matrix strategy argues to grow on your own strengths. They have developed there growth strategies based on : Operational skills, Privileged assets, Growth skills and Special relationships. By growing based on these strategies M&S have been able to keep their customer loyalty but also have been able to increase their products and launch new promotions to engage new customers, by using different approaches they have a better change to widen their customer satisfaction. Some of these products can be sold to existing customers who may trust the business (and its brands) to deliver but new customers may need more persuasion. Even though M&S base their growth on their on development they do analyze their competitors. They use recorded dare, opportunistic date and observable date. * Recorded data: examples include competitor annual reports and product brochures. * Observable data: good example is competitor pricing. * Opportunistic data: to get hold of this kind of data requires a lot of planning and organisation. Marks and Spencer’s have grown as a company by producing a wide range of products, by up selling and engaging in customer loyalty. Strategies that have been used are the foundation of growing. They have focused their marketing and sales on a specific target market this has improved effectiveness and speed the learning process. Unfortunately a common constraint could be an unresponsive market. Marks and Spencer’s campaigns have reeled in more customers but buyer Motivation is a must in all businesses, companies can often fail to provide incentives to motivate their buyers to purchase. A constraint which can be avoided is the follow up after sale. Once a product has been bought research should be conducted to find feedback on that product and if theirs a chance of growth from that product. Branding The brand of a product is very important when making your decision weather to buy something. People buy branded names due to loyalty. Either they no the quality is good or the product is always going to taste good. For example; going to Tesco and having the choice to buy, 23p Tesco value beans or 63p Heinz beans. Just because it’s not a named brand doesn’t mean the quality isn’t as good, there’s just no risk. Trust is the most critical component in building and maintaining a strong, emotionally driven brand. Strategies used to introduce their brand to the public is media. By promoting their brands its then known by existing and new customers. Many businesses such as M*&S use celebrities in their campaigns this is to engage the buyers and also make them aware that a celebrity likes the brand. Limitations Legal constraints: Marks and Spencer may be constrained by a variety of licensure and other regulatory requirements, based on the industry and activities the business wants to pursue. For example M&S sell alcohol so they will need to have a alcohol license before they are permitted to sell any alcohol. Sales of goods act 1979, This act requires trader to sell goods that are described and are satisfactory. Marks and Spencer’s sell products to members there for the information stated should be accurate and not misleading. For example : selling food which states that there’s only 130 calories in it but really there 600. This is illegal. Voluntary Constraint This is where a company voluntary state that they won’t do something, or they always will. For example: Marks and Spencer’s have joined forces with Tesco to sell Fair trade products, and they are also recycling old clothes to Oxfam. These things do not have to be done but yet they do they do them anyway to give them a better reputation with the public. Pressure Pressure groups can be extremely effective in changing organisational behaviour.

MSDS - Definition of Chemistry Terms

MSDS Definition: MSDS is an acronym for Material Safety Data Sheet.A MSDS is a written document that outlines information and procedures for handling and working with chemicals.Current MSDS documents contain physical and chemical property information, potential hazard information, emergency procedures, and manufacturer contact information. Also Known As: Material Safety Data Sheet

Biography of Ludwig van Beethoven - 746 Words

The change of music from Classicism to Romanticism couldn’t have occurred without the contributions brought by Ludwig van Beethoven. He was one of the most influential German composer and pianist of all time. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on December 16, 1770. His mother was a singer in the service and his father was a court musician. His father noticed that Beethoven had a skill at a young age, and began teaching him piano and violin. Beethoven was a hard learner, self-involved and impatient. Gottlob Neefe, become young Beethoven’s mentor, he thought Beethoven was the next Mozart. By the time he came back to Vienna, Mozart had died so Beethoven took help from Haydn. Beethoven gave his first public performance at the age of eight and published his first works at the age of twelve. By 1800, Beethoven had become aware of his advancing deafness, absolutely the most horrible destiny for a musician and painful to a composer. Beethoven planned suicide, but in the end held life, determined to go on composing. He tried every treatment available but couldn’t find a fix. Through the last 10 years of his life, Beethoven heard absolutely nothing. However, he decided that he couldn’t let something like that obstruct his ability to compose music. Since he couldn’t listen to the music, he decided that he would use a different sense to experience it. He cut off the legs off his piano so that he could play it sitting on the ground and sense various sounds based on theShow MoreRelatedBiography of Ludwig Van Beethoven3909 Words   |  16 PagesSource: Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998. Updated: 05/18/2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Biographical Essay Further Readings Source Citation Updates BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY The instrumental music of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) forms a peak in the development of tonal music and is one of the crucial evolutionary developments in the history of music as a whole. The early compositions of Ludwig van Beethoven marked the culmination of theRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven: A Biography1318 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven is considered by many to be the best and most influential composer of all time. His imminence as a composer becomes even more remarkable when one considers the fact that he suffered severe hearing loss for much of his life and was totally deaf for the last decade of his life; the same time that he was composing some of his best-known and most highly regarded works. In order to understand how a man who could not hear the music he was creating became one of theRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphonies1558 Words   |  7 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven’s nine symphonies are indispensable pieces of music and contributed to him being referred to as one of the most famous musicians in all of musical history. His symphonies are still played today and are recognized around the world. He is known as a symphonic master due to his nine symphonies. Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer during the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven’s symphonies were greatly influenced by Haydn and Mozart inRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphony1368 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven was a prolific musician of the 18th Century who, in all his time, composed nine symphonies, one opera, five piano concertos, thirty-two piano sonatas, and many other string quartets and hundreds of songs . Throughout this essay I shall be focusing on the symphony that after four years of hard work and plenty alterations , was brought to life and to this day is probably one of the best-known classical pieces: Symphony No. 5 in C Minor. This piece contains great examples of musicRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Work1474 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven was born in 1170 and didn’t have the happiest childhood. His father would rather drink instead of perform music that was a trail of his family. Beethoven studied counterpoint with Haydn but the relationship between them was not a positive one. Beethoven would fulfill his early promise as a composer, he discovered in this late twenties that his hearing was gradually getting weaker. He would later became deaf and contemplated suicide. By his faith with art he would becomeRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphony 964 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven’s monumental â€Å"9th Symphony† was his crowning achievement from his long career. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwpbcL8Fmdc is the link to view the concert! This piece was highly controversial, and most people at the time had thought Beethoven had finally gone mad when the truth is, he was just going deaf. While attention tends to focus on the choral finale, the opening of the work is every bit as momentous. He immediately established the key, which served as a logical bridgeRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Moonlight Sonata 1635 Words   |  7 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven is one of the single most decorated composers and musicians in the history of mankind. The legendary German composer, though long deceased today, has left us with dozens and dozens of works composed and played by him for us to marvel at and understand the true meaning of music. Mainly known for his work and compositions with the piano, he composed pieces to be performed with multiple different instruments. My goal, however, is to explore one of the most popular compositions thatRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Influence On The Development Of World Music957 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn. He born on December 17, 1770, and died on March 16, 1827. He was a German comp oser and musician, one of Vienna’s classical music representatives. His music had a great contribution to the world music. He set the culmination of classical music in the Classical Era (1750-1820), while opening up the road of the romantic music in the Romantic Era (1820-1900), played an important role on the development of world music. He created â€Å"nine numbered symphonies, 32 pianoRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Life On All Levels Of The Greatest People That Ever Walked The Earth1228 Words   |  5 PagesDecmber 16th 1770 in Bonn Ludwig Van Beethoven was created to be soon form into one of the greatest people that ever walked the earth. As a composer, Ludwig Beethoven can be considered the equivalent of any of today’s stars of popular music. His trend setting compositions made music an integral part of life on all levels of society from the royal courts to the general population. His mass appeal can be attributed to his standard defying compositions that forcibly modernized the 18th century musicRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven, One of the Greatest Composers of the Roomantic Period1099 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Ludwig van Beethoven Multitudes of music books recount the life of Ludwig van Beethoven and his contributions to music. There are many different texts that provide hard evidence that he was an individual who went on to become one of the best-known composers of all times. The early life of music saw many composers try to succeed with writing and publishing music. However, Ludwig van Beethoven emerged to become a crucial figure during the transition from Classical to Romantic eras

The Impact Of Technology On The World Of Statistical...

Introduction Technology is constantly changing and evolving – so it can be no surprise that it is having an effect on the world of statistical education. This paper takes a look at three different articles – The Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) Report (Franklin et al., 2007), that presents information on statistical education as a whole and two other articles, Evaluating Data Analysis Software: The Case of TinkerPlots (Fitzallen, 2007) and The Role of Technology in Improving Student Learning of Statistics (Ben-Zvi, Chance, Garfield, and Medina, 2007) that provide a look at how technology is playing a role in facilitating that education. At a glance – it may seem as if The GAISE Report does not fit†¦show more content†¦It shows how statistics can influence our personal choices, citizenship, and our workplace/professions. The report then goes on to describe what statistical education should look like. The framework presented in the report is based off the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) and its Principles and Standards for School Mathematics published in 2000. The framework breaks down statistical education into four main components: 1. Formulate Questions †¢ Clarify the problem at hand †¢ Formulate one (or more) questions that can be answered with data. 2. Collect Data †¢ Design a plan to collect appropriate data †¢ Employ the plan to collect data 3. Analyze Data †¢ Select appropriate graphical and numerical methods †¢ Use these methods to analyze the data 4. Interpret Results †¢ Interpret the analysis †¢ Relate the interpretation to the original question (Franklin et al, 2007, p. 11) From there each component is broken down further into three different levels of understanding (A, B, C – with C being the highest level). Examples of satisfying or obtaining each level within each component are given and explained. The article also spends some time distinguishing what makes statistics different from mathematics and that difference is variability in the data. The framework provides an understanding for how variability effects each of the four components, in order; anticipating, acknowledging,

Know Rhymesâ€Know Reasons Free Essays

My parents are nerds.   I don’t mean they were nerds as kids and grew out of it; I mean my parents were nerds from the moment each was born, though their adolescence, and right into adulthood.   Today, my parents remain true to their heritage: they are full-fledged, adult nerds. We will write a custom essay sample on Know Rhymes—Know Reasons or any similar topic only for you Order Now As most people are aware, nerd hood requires a few supplies and traits: along with the requisite pocket protectors, the over-exuberance for all things academic, and thick glasses, both of my parents are bookworms.   Luckily, certain genetic traits skip a generation, and I can honestly say that I am not a nerd; however, I am a bookworm, and I am not ashamed to admit it because much of my life has been influenced by the things I have read. I grew up with Dr. Seuss.   My father used to spend time every week reading the latest Dr. Seuss book with me.   He’d tuck me into bed, and then I read to him aloud as the story unfolded one rhyme and one intriguing illustration at a time.   My goal was not so much to get to the end, but to learn new words, and each new word I learned was marked by my father with a bright, yellow highlighter. In this way, the progress I made became more tangible, and for all I know, that habit of my father’s allowed me the freedom to read all of my books with a dictionary and a highlighter by my side and never to feel as if doing so was a waste of time or a burden: new word were an adventure, and I loved learning them.   I don’t recall developing a particular favorite Dr. Seuss book as a child, but as I got older, I began to get the urge to unpack the box of my highlighted books and relive a little of my youth. The box of Dr. Seuss books had been stored in the family shed, and the years had taken their toll.   The change in temperature had caused the books to warp and mold, but they had not gone completely to waste: at least one family of rodents had nested in the box, shredding the pages of my early education for their own progeny’s needs.   One lone book remained untouched: Horton Hears a Who, and as I opened this last book of my childhood and began to read, I was struck by the power of the story.   Hidden in the text was one of the most important lessons I’ve ever learned: a single voice of the tiniest girl was strong enough to make a difference.   As hokey as it may sound, I leaned the degree to which an individual can impact the world that day as I read that book.   Perhaps I am a nerd. I won’t waste time by detailing the degree to which I read during grade school, junior high school, and high school; I will only clarify that while I admit to being bookish, I was also an athlete, participated in student body, and had a social life.   I was, however, not done with Dr. Seuss. I hit a wall with Shakespeare, and I felt the burden of reading for the first time in my life.   While many students had grown accustomed to that wall, I had never dealt with it, so by the time it happened to me, the stakes were high: I was in college, and I wasn’t getting it.   I had never skipped a reading—never worried about my English or literature courses. Suddenly, I was ready for a slug of the stuff Romeo had taken.   I did the only thing I could think of: looking for commiseration, I complained to my parents about how stupid Shakespeare was, pointed out that no one could really be sure he’d written his plays, and wondered out loud why anyone needed to read stuff that’s written like that anyway. My father would have none of it, but he suggested to me that anyone who had grown up on Dr. Seuss and Shel Silverstein had no business complaining about or being confused by Shakespeare.   Like many messages delivered when one isn’t ready to receive them, the point my father had tried to make was lost on me for awhile—buried by the frustration of not having been appeased.   Several days later, I tried to give in to the notion that there might be something familiar in the rhythm and rhyme of Shakespeare if only I’d do what my father had suggested: read it out loud and listen—really listen. I struggled at first trying to work through the colloquial terms.   I fought to remember that the ends of a line of text didn’t necessarily equal the end of a sentence.   I battled with Shakespeare’s sentence structure trying to remember that it was rarely subject-verb-object.   It was like running through sand that was waist deep.   Until it wasn’t.   Suddenly, everything fell into place: it was like I had learned a foreign language.   The words made sense; the story began to unfold around me; I got it; I liked it.   The only thing I can compare it to is sitting in a theater watching a sub-titled movie: there is a point at which the reading becomes so automatic that it is no longer a conscious effort but automatic.   It was just like that. Later, I met the wall that was Henry James.   I was reading Portrait of a Lady, and I had spent far too much time trying to decipher the first scene of the text.   When I realized that James had spent over a page beating around the bush to say that three men were at tea, I wanted to scream.   I wanted to ask the guy why he’d wasted so much ink and so many words simply to point out to the audience that it was tea time, but instead of there being women there, there were men—but I had a book to wade through, and Mr. James was long dead, so I moved on. Having figured out the context of the opening if the book, I went back and started anew, and I realized that I wanted to sit and talk to the man who had chosen such wonderfully descriptive words—a man who had taken such great care to spend the time to so completely describe the fact that three men were at tea.   I remember thinking to myself that if he were a painter, and he painted the way he wrote, that I would love his work like I loved Claude Monet’s Impression Sunrise.   Years later, when I began to read everything I could by and about Henry James, I had a private laugh over his affinity for painters—Monet in particular. Having cracked Shakespeare and James, I was never again afraid of a book’s language or  length.   I picked up Middlemarch and Tom Jones and Vanity Fair and loved each of them for  different reasons, but one day, I picked up Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio, and like  Horton Hears a Who, I found a story that changed the way I viewed the world.   â€Å"The Book of the  Grotesque† made me think about truth, and the way in which each individual forms his or her  own truth and twists it to suite personal needs.   It made me consider that each person’s  quest for and claiming of truth can send ripples into the world, and these ideas changed me. Recently, I have discovered Flannery O’Connor, and while I struggle with the racial issues that threaten to ruin her works for me, I feel the now-familiar tingle beginning that I have grown to recognize as the discovery and excitement that only a well-written book can bring me.   I may have to break down and buy a pocket protector just to use as a book mark. What about writing?   Well, if one day all of the things I have jotted down in hopes of emulating the people previously mentioned ever manages to make its way to a publisher, I will blame that on the books I have read and the people who wrote them.   I will speak of the fact that when I walk into a bookstore, I marvel at all of the people who have managed to get published and allow myself an instant to believe it might someday happen for me as well. As I pick my words and paint my own pictures, I wonder if I have it in me to write the thing that for the right person will make a difference—the thing that might one day be highlighted in bright yellow—the page marked with a sticky note.   Maybe this year I’ll try my hand at NaNoWriMo.    How to cite Know Rhymes—Know Reasons, Essay examples

Economic Models and PED

Question: Discuss about the Economic Models and PED. Answer: Introduction: An economic model entails a simplified depiction of reality meant to provide hypotheses concerning economic behavior which can be tested (Arnold, 2013). Economists use an economic model a tool for predicting future changes in the economy. In a nutshell, economists measure past associations among variables like tax rates, consumer spending, employment, household income and interest rates and then attempt to predict how variations in some factors will influence the future trend of others (Elliott Timmermann, 2016). Although the forecast from the econometric models may not be accurate, the information yielded from these models is important to the activities and functioning of the government. Therefore, the argument that economic models are false and so government should ignore their predictions is not reasonable. Econometric makes use of mathematics, statistical inference, and economic theory to quantify an economic event. Therefore, it translates theoretical economic models into a crucial tool of policymaking that forms the basis for government operations (Hansen Sargent, 2014). For example, when formulating the monetary policy, the central bankers need to understand the possible effect of variations in the official interest rate on the Gross Domestic Product and inflation levels. In such scenarios, economic models are essential tools in availing the required background information through prediction. More importantly, the economic models build structure and eliminate unfocused thinking by compelling econometricians to formalize ideas that may be based mainly on intuition (Gillespie, 2014). Furthermore, economic models possess an abundance of predictive successes. The models are valuable tools that assist the government to examine, formulate and comprehend interactive correlations in the economy (Mankiw, 2014). The gravity model is a useful example of the model applied to the international trade to offer predictions insights. The model provides forecasts on bilateral trade flows based on economic dimensions and distance between two units. For instance, the gravity model is used to determine the impact of treaties and alliance on the trade activities. From an empirical perspective, the gravity model has been a great success. In summary, economic models may have some limitations, but that does not mean they should be ignored when making important decisions about the economy. The models provide important guidance to the operations and activities of the government (Bergeijk Brakman, 2010). Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand is a common term used in economics when analyzing the responsiveness of price. It is a measure of the association between a variation in the amount demanded of a given commodity and a fluctuation in its price. If a small variation in the price is associated with a large change in the amount purchased, then the good is said to be elastic, that is, responsive to price variations. On the other hand, in case a significant deviation in the price is associated with a small change of quantity demanded, then the good or service is said to be inelastic (McTaggart, Findlay, Parkin, 2015). This section of the paper concentrates on the estimates of price elasticity of demand of cereals, vegetable oils, and milk. The price elasticity of demand estimates of these products is extracted from an accounting journal titled Demand Analysis for Major Consumer Commodities in Jordan. The price elasticity of demand for cereals is estimated at -0.51 (Haddad, 2013). Since this coefficient is less than one, the price elasticity of demand for cereals is said to be inelastic. Therefore, a significant change in the price of grains will result in a small shift in the cereals bought. More precisely, 1% increase in the price of grains will lead to 0.51% drop in cereals demanded by the clients. The correlation between cereals and price obeys the law of demand. Moreover, the sellers of cereals in the market can increase their revenues by raising the price because the cereals are less responsive to changes in the price. The relationship between cereals demanded, and its price shows that this product is a necessity. The grains are vital for life, and the individuals in this particular community must buy them even if the prices shoot up. P1-P2 is greater than Q1-Q2, that is, a big change in the price of cereals (P1-P2) results in a small variation in the quantity of cereals purchased (Q1-Q2) The price elasticity of demand for Vegetable oils is estimated at -0.01 (Haddad, 2013). Like the cereals, the price elasticity of vegetable oils is inelastic. However, the PED for vegetable oils is more inelastic than that of cereals. A huge deviation in the price of vegetable oils will result in a small variation in the quantity of vegetable oil demanded by this group of consumers. A 1% increase in the price of vegetable oils will cause a 0.01% decrease in vegetable oils demanded. The negative sign on the coefficient of vegetable PED exhibits that the association between vegetable oils and its price agrees with the law of demand. Likewise, the distributors of the vegetable oils can freely increase the prices to maximize their revenues since this particular product is highly irresponsive to changes in the price. The price elasticity of demand for this commodity indicates that the commodity is an essential. Whether the prices increases or drops, individuals will still buy the vegetable oil. A huge change in the price of vegetable oils (P1-P2) leads to a small change in the quantity of vegetable oil demanded (Q1-Q2). The price elasticity of milk oils is estimated at -0.06 (Haddad, 2013). This coefficient shows that the PED for this good is inelastic. Milk is highly irresponsive to price changes than the cereals. Like the other two commodities, a substantial deviation in the price of milk will cause a slight fluctuation of milk bought. A 1% increase in the price of milk will result in a 0.01% decline in the quantity of milk purchased. Since milk is highly irresponsive to price changes, the farmers can increase their revenues by raising the prices of milk. The association that exists between milk and the price clearly shows that estimate complies with economic theory. Moreover, the price elasticity of this product is determined by the necessity nature of this commodity. Consumers will continue to purchase milk even if the farmers hike the price. A large change in the price of milk (P1-P2) results in a small variation in the amount of milk purchased (Q1-Q2). References Arnold, R. A. (2013). 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